Why was triumvirate formed

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His goals was a simple one: to gain as much power as possible. Following that goal, he wished to stand for the consulship and also hold a triumph in the year 59 BCE. The Senate denied his request to stand for the candidacy in absentia , or being absent, a tradition which has long been held that anyone running for public office must stand for that office in person at Rome Marin Faced with a choice of either having to abandon the consulship or his triumph, he chose the latter and decided to stand for consul Marin But before he would go about standing for the consulship, due to the fact that he knew he would face much opposition, he gathered Pompey and Crassus to form the First Triumvirate in the year 60 BCE, which Caesar knew would secure himself a victory because of the amount of pull both of those men had within Rome Zoch Left without little army and on the outs politically, Lepidus was forced into exile and the Triumvirate was down to two.

With the Triumvirate falling apart, it became clear that Antony and Octavian were inevitably going to collide. In order to win favor with the Roman people, both fought wars that conquered new territory and won riches for the treasury. Antony was beloved by the people, and Octavian looked for ways to undermine that popularity. Octavian discovered that, rather than living with his wife, Antony was living with the Egyptian leader Cleopatra.

He knew he could use this to his advantage, because the Roman people were very suspicious of foreigners, and would look down on one of their leaders rejecting his Roman wife and preferring an outsider. To top it off, Octavian found out that not only had Antony had children with Cleopatra, but he had given them preferential treatment over his Roman children in his will.

Octavian revealed all of this to the Roman people, and a final battle between the last two Triumvirs became inevitable. The war, often called the Final War of the Roman Republic because afterwards it was no longer a Republic but an Empire , was declared in 32 B. Octavian orchestrated this, knowing that Antony would come to her aid and he would get his decisive civil war.

Because Egypt and Rome are separated by the sea, much of the fighting was in a large naval battle. After much manoeuvring in the open ocean over the course of a year, Octavian defeated Antony in the Battle of Actium, using his superior numbers and more experienced soldiers to defeat the combined navies of Antony and Cleopatra.

Actium was the end of the Triumvirate. Antony retreated to Alexandria where he and Cleopatra died shortly after. Octavian alone was the ruler of Rome. In honour of his victory, Octavian was given the name Augustus, which he embraced along with his title as son of Caesar.